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It is now widely accepted that good welfare is not simply the absence of negative experiences, but rather is primarily the presence of positive experiences such as pleasure.

A. Boissy et al.

It is now widely accepted that good welfare is not simply the absence of negative experiences, but rather is primarily the presence of positive experiences such as pleasure.

A. Boissy et al.

…no captive environments can ever hope to fully simulate or mimic those lived in by wild animals, even the smallest and most sedentary species. All we can really do in zoos and aquariums is to work within the parameters of controlled deprivation.

Gordon Burghardt

Fish have very good memories, live in complex social communities where they keep track of individuals and can learn from one another....recognise themselves and others…cooperate with one another…show signs of intelligence…build complex structures, are capable of tool use...their primary senses are just as good, and in many cases better, than our own. When comparing their behaviour to primates, one finds very few differences…

C. Brown

It is now widely accepted that good welfare is not simply the absence of negative experiences, but rather is primarily the presence of positive experiences such as pleasure.

A. Boissy et al.